What are Peatlands?
Natural treasures formed over thousands of years
Formation Process
Peatlands are ecosystems composed of various plant and animal communities formed from organic materials submerged in water. In waterlogged, acidic, and anaerobic conditions, plant materials do not fully decompose, leading to peat formation.
Global Significance
These lands cover only 3% of the world's land area but contain twice as much carbon as forests. Over thousands of years, this process creates peat layers several meters thick.
Peat Formation Process
1. Plant Growth
Plants grow in low-lying areas
2. Layer Formation
Plant material accumulates
3. Peat Formation
After many years, becomes peat
Types of Peatlands
Three main types of peatlands found worldwide
Bog
Rain-fed acidic peatlands dominated by sphagnum moss and specialized plant communities.
Fen
Groundwater-fed peatlands with less acidic conditions, supporting more diverse plant and animal communities.
Swamp Forest
Tree-dominated tropical peatlands primarily located in Southeast Asia, containing massive carbon reserves.
Why are Peatlands Important?
Impact on global climate and biodiversity
Critical for Climate
Peatlands are the largest natural terrestrial carbon store, containing approximately 550 gigatons of carbon.
Biodiversity Hotspots
Peatlands support unique and specialized ecosystems with rare plants, birds, and insects found nowhere else on Earth.
Risks and Threats
When peatlands are drained or destroyed, they transform from carbon sinks into major sources of greenhouse gases.